夫妻难以怀孕的10个意料之外的原因

不怀孕?这10种生活方式可能有助于解释原因

Many causes of infertility can’t fully be controlled, like genetics, medical conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome and endometriosis, and of course, being older than 35. But when you’re struggling to get pregnant, there may be lifestyle changes—some major, some minor—you can make to boost your chances of conceiving, or at least prevent your fertility problems from getting worse.

许多不育的原因都不能完全控制,如遗传、多囊卵巢综合症和子宫内膜异位症这类医疗状况,当然,还有年龄超过35岁。但正当你正和怀孕进行着斗争时,可能生活方式的改变——一些主要,一些次要——可以提高受孕机会,或者至少防止生育问题恶化。

One of the bigger ones: reconsidering your profession.

A study published today in the journal Occupational and Environmental Medicine found that women who lift heavy loads at work may have a tougher time getting pregnant. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health researchers studied nearly 500 women seeking fertility treatment and discovered those with physically demanding jobs had 8.8% fewer total eggs and 14.1% fewer mature eggs compared to women who reported never moving heavy objects at work. Working outside the normal 9-to-5 also impacted fertility, which researchers speculate has to do with circadian rhythm disruption. If you’re working a shift job or one that requires heavy labor, now’s the time to prioritize sleep, good nutrition, and exercise, says Diana Bitner, MD, an ob-gyn at Spectrum Health Medical Group in Grand Rapids, Mich. “I work with many nurses who work night shifts and long hours, as well as female physicians; I myself had preterm labor as an ob-gyn resident,” she says. “It is possible to be rested and stay healthy but it must be a priority.

重要之一:重新考虑职业。

现今发表在《职业与环境医学》杂志上的一项研究发现,工作中常举重物的女性怀孕可能会有困难。哈佛公共卫生学院的研究人员陈T.H.研究了近500名寻求生育治疗的女性,发现相对那些从未在工作中移动重物的女性,从事高体力要求工作的女性卵子总数少8.8%,成熟卵子数少14.1%。经常上夜班的工作也影响生育,研究人员推测这与昼夜节律失调有关。如果你从事轮班工作或是一个需要重度劳动的工作,现在是时候按轻重缓急调整睡眠、良好的营养和锻炼了,密歇根州大急流城Spectrum健康医疗集团妇产科医生、医学博士黛安娜比特纳说。“我与许多夜班和长时间工作的护士一起工作,还有女医生;作为一个妇产科医生我自己还经历了早产,”她说。“休息并保持健康是有可能的,但必须要优先考虑。”

Here are nine more lifestyle factors that can make getting pregnant a struggle:

Your BMI is in the obese range—and so is your partner’s

The link between being overweight and problems getting pregnant has been long known, but new research from the National Institutes of Health shows that a man’s weight matters as much as a woman’s. The study, published on Feb. 3 in the journal Human Reproduction, found it may take couples in which both partners are obese up to 59% longer to get pregnant compared to couples in the healthy weight range. “Even if you lose just five pounds, that will increase your chances of getting pregnant in the next six months,” Dr. Bitner says.

以下是九个其他使你难以有孕的生活方式因素:

身体质量指数在肥胖范围内——包括你的伴侣。

超重和怀孕问题之间的联系很早就已经就知道,但国家卫生研究院的最新研究表明,男人的体重和女人的体重一样重要。这项研究发表在2月3日的《人类生育》杂志上,研究发现:夫妻双方肥胖怀孕的时间要比健康体重范围内的夫妇长59%。“即使你只减掉五磅,也会增加未来6个月怀孕的机会,”比特纳博士说。

You’re too stressed out

Everyone tells pregnant women to relax because “stress isn’t good for the baby,” but it’s not good when you’re trying to conceive, either. A 2014 study published in Human Reproduction looked at about 400 couples over a 12-month span and found that women who had the highest levels of alpha-amylase, a stress biomarker, had twice the risk of being infertile compared to those with the lowest levels. The researchers note that they couldn’t determine exactly why stress lowers fertility, but they do suggest that if you’re trying to conceive, practicing yoga, meditation, or mindfulness may help balance out frazzled feelings. And if you’re stressed about trying to get pregnant, know that it’s totally normal, says Dr. Bitner. “Stress is a given. It’s all about how you cope with it,” she says. So embrace that this is a stressful time, and just try to do the best you can.

压力太大。

每个人都告诉孕妇要放松,因为“压力对宝宝不好”,当你备孕时压力太大同样也不好。2014年一项发表在《人类生育》上的研究对400对夫妇进行了12个月的观察,发现:与最低水平的女性相比,压力生物指标——α-淀粉酶最高水平的女性有两倍不育的风险。研究人员指出,他们不能确定为什么压力会降低生育率,但他们认为,如果你想要怀孕的话,练习瑜伽、冥想或静坐可以帮助平衡疲惫的情绪。而且如果你想怀孕,你要知道,这是完全正常的,比特纳博士说。“压力是给定的。一切在于你如何应对,”她说。所以相信这是一个充满压力的时期,并尽你所能做到最好。

You’re going too hard at the gym

Exercise is no doubt good for you, whether in babymaking mode or not. However, you might want to stick to moderate-intensity workouts if you’re trying to conceive. A 2012 study found that for normal-weight women who performed five hours or more of vigorous exercise per week, it took longer for them to get pregnant. Moderate exercise, on the other hand, boosted fertility. Researchers say that exercising ultra-hard may have an impact on ovulation or implantation. If you’re having trouble getting pregnant, it may make sense to take the HIIT down a notch. You also might want to check your weight; just as excess body fat can impact fertility, so can not having enough of it.

过量健身。

运动无疑是好的,无论你是否打算怀孕。然而,如果你试图受孕,你可能会想坚持中等强度的锻炼。一项2012年的研究发现,对于体重正常的女性,每周进行五个小时以上的剧烈运动,需要更长的时间怀孕。适度运动,另一方面,提高生育能力。研究人员说,过度锻炼可能会影响排卵或着床。如果你难以受孕,可以尝试把高强度间歇训练下降一个档次。你也可能想检查一下体重,正如多余的脂肪会影响生育,所以不能太多。

You’re watching too much TV

For guys, too little exercise—marked by sitting in front of the tube—can drag down semen quality. In a study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, men who watched more than 20 hours of TV per week had a 44% lower sperm concentration compared to those who watched no TV. Trade some of that time for the gym: Men who exercised more than 15 hours a week had a 73% higher sperm concentration.

看太多电视

对男人来说,运动太少——以常坐电视机前为标志——可以降低精子质量。在英国运动医学杂志上发表的一项研究表明,每周看电视超过20小时的男性比没有看电视的人的精子浓度降低44%。拿一些时间去健身房:每周锻炼超过15小时的男性精子浓度高出73%。

You eat a lot of processed meat

The more processed red meat a guy eats (hot dogs, burgers, bacon, salami), the lower his sperm count and the slower those sperm swam, revealed research in the journal Epidemiology in 2014. The researchers can’t say for certain what’s behind the sparse, slow swimmers, but it may be the saturated fat in these meats. Maybe swap it for a roast chicken: men who ate the most poultry had sperm that were more successful in fertilizing an egg, additional research has found.

吃太多加工肉类

2014年流行病学杂志上的研究显示,男人吃越多加工肉类(热狗、汉堡、培根、意大利蒜味腊肠),精子数越低,精子游动速度越慢。研究人员不能肯定地说,这些稀疏而缓慢状况的原因是什么,但很可能是这些肉类中的饱和脂肪。也许可以换成烧鸡:另一项研究发现,多吃家禽肉的人精子成为受精卵的成功率更高。

Your iPhone’s in your pocket

Hello, who is this? Uh, not your sperm. A 2014 meta-analysis found that cellphone exposure was linked to weaker sperm. It may be the radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation emitted from phones that damages DNA and impairs sperm’s ability to fertilize an egg. Mobile devices may also heat up a guy’s testicles when stashed in a pocket, which can hinder sperm production. Subscribe to the Healthy Living newsletter for the latest must-know wellness, fitness, and nutrition news

手机放在口袋

喂,是谁?呃,不是你的精子。一项2014年的荟萃分析发现精子衰弱与手机曝光有关。可能是来自手机的射频电磁辐射会损害DNA和精子使卵子受精的能力。如果移动设备放在口袋,可以使睾丸升温,阻碍精子的产生。订阅健康生活通讯,了解最新必知的健康、健身和营养新闻。

You’re having too much sex

Have sex every other day around ovulation, says Dr. Bitner. Going at it too often can drop a guy’s sperm count too much. You can turn to a timing app on your phone or use a drugstore ovulation kit, but there are a few physical signs women can look for as well, says Dr. Bitner: you might spot, your sex drive might go up, the veins on your breasts might look bluer, and you might have more vaginal discharge.

太多性生活

排卵前后每隔一天做爱,比特纳博士说。经常这样做会让一个人的精子损失过多。可以在手机上设置计时APP或使用药店排卵试剂盒,但也有一些女性可以观察到的身体迹象,比特纳博士说:你可能会发现,性欲可能上升,乳房脉络可能看起来更蓝,会有更多的阴道分泌物。

You’re not having enough sex

You need to have sex in order to conceive (obviously), but it’s important to do it more throughout your cycle, not just when you’re most likely to get pregnant. Having sex sends a signal to a woman’s body that, basically, it’s go time. Her immune system then shifts from one focused on battling illness to one primed for reproduction, suggests a 2015 study published in Fertility and Sterility. Just a little something to keep in mind no matter what day of the month it is.

太少性生活

你需要为了怀孕做爱(很明显的),但重要的是在整个周期要做更多,而不是仅仅在你最有可能怀孕的时期。做爱给女性的身体发出信号,是要准备怀孕的时间到了。其免疫系统会从专注于对抗疾病转移到一个准备生产,一项2015年发表在《生育与不孕》杂志上的研究发现。只需要记住一点,不要只在一个月排卵期那几天做爱。

You’re a smoker

Lighting up causes up to 13% of all infertility cases, according to the American Society of Reproductive Medicine. Smoking ages ovaries and depletes egg supply in women, and is linked to low sperm count in men.

抽烟

根据美国生殖医学会的数据,高达13%的不孕病例。女性随着烟龄增长,卵子供应会损害并耗尽,男性精子计数低也与此有关。

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